Inspection and Testing Inspection is an organized examination or formal evaluation exercise. In production, it involves the measurements, tests, measuring gauges and test equipments applied to certain characteristics in regard to a material or a product. The results are normally compared to the specified requirements and standards for determining whether the material or the product …
Read MoreX-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometer X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is used to detect and measure the concentration of elements in substances. Fluorescence is the phenomena of absorbing incoming radiation and reradiating it as lower-energy radiation. X-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum with energies ranging from 0.1 keV to 100 keV (Fig 1a). X-rays are produced by …
Read MoreOrganizational Ethics and Values and their Importance Corporate governance refers to the system by which an organization is directed and controlled. One of the goals of corporate governance is to create a set of internal mechanisms to ensure sound managerial decisions are made, considering the rights and responsibilities of various stakeholders, together with the ethical …
Read MoreNozzle Clogging The disorder of casting process because of nozzle clogging is a long-standing issue ever since the continuous casting process has been introduced. Nozzle clogging is the build-up of solid or semi-solid material on a refractory surface which can become problematic during steel pouring, as it can affect the stream dynamics, reduce the pouring …
Read MoreSpark Optical Emission Spectrometer Chemical analysis and the identification of metals are used for a wide variety of purposes. These have become necessary to control the incoming goods or to ensure that the manufacturing process produces the product with the correct elemental composition. It is also used in failure investigation to determine if the correct …
Read MoreResearch and development and the needed skills requirement Innovation depends on people who are able to generate and apply knowledge and ideas in the workplace. Research is motivated by curiosity or a need to know about how things are, and what people do or can do. In an era of global competitiveness, industrial ‘research and …
Read MoreLadle slag and its role in secondary steelmaking Presently the production of liquid steel takes place in two stages. The first stage involves getting a semi-product in primary steel making process furnace such as converter, electric arc furnace or induction furnace, whereas the second stage consists in refining of steel in the secondary steelmaking process …
Read MoreMagnesia Chrome Refractories Magnesia chrome refractories are basic refractories. These refractories are based on dead burned magnesite or magnesia in combination with chrome containing materials such as chrome ore (chromite). Major constituents of these refractories are magnesium oxide (MgO) and chromium oxide (Cr2O3). Basic refractories containing chrome continue to be an important group of materials …
Read MoreEmployee Relations Employees are among the most important resources of the organization. They are the most valuable assets. The nature and quantity of work performed by them have a direct impact on the productivity of the organization. Hence, a healthy employee relations in the organization is a pre-requisite for the organization for achieving growth and …
Read MoreCooling of Strip on Run out Table in a Hot Strip Mill Hot strip mill is used to produce hot rolled coils of prescribed strip thickness and properties from a slab of known dimensions and chemical composition. Typically, a present day hot strip mill is located after continuous casting facility and consists of reheating furnaces, …
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