Measurement Standards The world around us, first of all, is the world of physical quantities existing in reality in the widest range of their values. This is why, the range of characteristics describing both natural phenomena and the behaviour of devices and instruments produced in this world, is very wide. Physical quantities are characteristics of …
Read MoreProblems and Problem Solving Techniques A problem consists of the difference between an actual situation and a desired situation. The problem is defined as any event or situation, unforeseen, unwanted in an organization, a project, or a job which needs to be addressed and resolved before it becomes too complex. During the functioning of the …
Read MoreRefractory Lining of the Electric Arc Furnace Refractories are those materials which withstand high temperature without a significant change in chemical or physical properties. Refractory materials are very important to the electric arc furnace (EAF) operation as they allow the containment of the liquid steel in the furnace hearth without damaging the furnace structure. The …
Read MoreInstrumentation Diagrams Instrumentation diagrams are the descriptive diagrams made following standardized methods and rules. However, the scope of instrumentation is so wide that a single form of diagram is not sufficient to capture all what is required to be represented. The different types of instrumentation diagrams which are commonly used are (i) process flow diagram …
Read MoreFactors influencing Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty Customers of the organization are those who buy the products and / or services provided by the organization. In other words, customers are stakeholders of the organization who afford payment in exchange for the offer provided to them by the organization with the aim of fulfilling a need …
Read MorePreparation and Charging of Blast Furnace Burden Blast furnace (BF), except at its hearth, is basically a passage for gases and burden particles which move in the counter-current directions in the BF. The basic requirement for stable operation of the BF is to maintain in the furnace a moving layer of burden which does not …
Read MoreProcess Control Instruments and their Classification In the physical sciences, process engineering, and product quality assurance, measurement is the activity of obtaining and comparing physical quantities. Established standards are used as units, and the process of measurement gives a number relating the item under study and the referenced unit of measurement. Measurement generally involves using an …
Read MoreHuman Resource Management Practices and Organizational Performance Human resource is considered the most important asset of an organization, but very few organizations are able to fully harness its potential. Human resource management (HRM) is defined as composed of policies, practices and systems which influence employees’ behaviour, attitude and performance. Paying special attention to the HRM …
Read MoreUnderstanding Ironmaking in Blast Furnace and Dissection studies in Japan The blast furnace (BF) ironmaking is the most viable means of producing hot metal (HM) mainly due to its well established and proven performance, flexible raw material usage, and high thermal energy conservation capability. There are no definitive dates available for the inception of BF …
Read MoreHydraulic System and its Components A hydraulic system is one of the drive systems which are being used for the control of machinery and equipment. The other two commonly employed drive systems are based on pneumatics and electric power. The word ‘hydraulics’ came from the Greek word ‘hydraulikos’ which means water organ which in turn …
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