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Operations in Steel Teeming Ladle in Steel Melting Shop

Operations in Steel Teeming Ladle in Steel Melting Shop The treatment of steel in the ladle has started around 1940s when the first ladle-to-ladle and ladle-to-ingot mould vacuum degassing processes for hydrogen removal has appeared on the scene. In the late 1950s, more efficient vacuum degassing units such as the Dortmund Hoerder (DH) and Ruhrstahl-Heraeus …

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Inclusions in Steel and Secondary Steelmaking

Inclusions in Steel and Secondary Steelmaking Non-metallic inclusions, (hereinafter referred to as ‘inclusions’), are chemical compounds consisting of at least one non-metallic component, such as sulphur or oxygen. In steels, inclusions are an unwanted but mainly an unavoidable phase caused by the content of oxidizing agents in the liquid steel due to the raw material …

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