Magnesia Refractories A magnesia refractory is defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) as ‘a dead-burned refractory material consisting predominantly of crystalline magnesium oxide’. In addition, ASTM defines ‘dead-burned’ as “the state of a basic refractory material resulting from a heat treatment that yields a product resistant to atmospheric hydration or recombination …
Read MoreMagnesia-Carbon Refractories There is some confusion which can arise from the term magnesia (MgO) refractory. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) defines magnesia as ‘a dead-burned refractory material consisting predominantly of crystalline magnesium oxide’, but that is not the terminology used at every place. The terms magnesite, magnesia and MgO are sometimes used inter-changeably …
Read MoreUse of Steel in the Generation of Solar and Wind Power At present energy transition is taking place around the world. Renewable energy is at the centre of the transition for a less carbon-intensive society. Strategic moves and heavy investments are being made in the field of renewal energy. Renewable energies include solar, wind, geothermal, …
Read MoreSteel Beams Steel beams (Fig 1) are important type of structural elements which play a key role in creating a safe load path to transfer the weight and forces on a structure to the foundations and into the ground. These beams are a member of the structure which is subjected primarily to transverse load and negligible axial …
Read MoreGreenhouse Gases and Climate Change Gases which trap heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. Several chemical compounds in the atmosphere act as greenhouse gases. These gases allow sunlight (shortwave radiation) to freely pass through the atmosphere and heat the land and oceans. Greenhouse gases occur naturally and allow the life to survive on …
Read MoreRare Earth Elements and their Application in Ironmaking and Steelmaking Rare earth elements (REEs) are widely used in ironmaking and steelmaking because of their remarkable properties, such as the ability to induce a refined microstructure and modify the morphology of the inclusions. REEs are added into iron and steel to meet specific requirements, and they …
Read MoreGreen Hydrogen Hydrogen is the most abundant and lightest element in the universe with the atomic number 1 and an atomic weight of 1.008. It is a colourless gas. It was discovered by Henry Cavendish in 1766. The molecular form of hydrogen, which is of interest as an energy carrier, is the diatomic molecule composed …
Read MoreMagnetic Lifting Devices Magnetic lifting devices are used for lifting and transporting of steel and ferrous metal stock or manufactured components. They are normally installed and used as single magnets or as arrangements of multiple magnets. In all of these cases, they are suspended from chains or wires or otherwise attached to the lifting equipment …
Read MoreBriquetting Process and Use of Binders During the various stages of iron and steel production, a number of iron bearing waste by-products are generated. These waste by-products cannot be recycled back as such because of their fine particle size, hence the waste by-products need to be agglomerated. Further, in the present day scenario, stringent statutory …
Read MoreCoke Oven Machines Coke oven machines are an integral part of any coke oven battery. These machines charge the ovens with the coal feedstock, push the coke from the ovens after coking, and feed it to the coke quenching process. In recent times, coke oven machines are acquiring a more prominent role in the coke …
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